Scuderia Toro Rosso S.p.A. commonly known as Toro Rosso or by its abbreviation STR, was an Italian Formula One constructor. It was one of two Formula One constructors owned by Austrian conglomerate company Red Bull, the other being Red Bull Racing. Toro Rosso functioned as a junior team to Red Bull Racing, with the aim of developing the skills of promising drivers for the senior team. The constructor made its racing début in the 2006 season, moving to complete independence from its sister team in 2010. The team changed its name to Scuderia AlphaTauri in 2020 to promote parent company Red Bull's fashion label of the same name.

The team was established after Paul Stoddart sold his remaining interest in the Minardi team at the end of 2005 to Red Bull's owner, Dietrich Mateschitz, and Minardi was renamed Toro Rosso.

Mateschitz subsequently struck a 50/50 joint-ownership deal with former Formula One driver Gerhard Berger before the start of the season. In late November 2008, Red Bull regained total ownership of Toro Rosso after buying back Berger's share of the team.

Whilst Red Bull abandoned the Minardi name in line with their own sponsorship and marketing plans, the use of the Italian language in the name was intended to hint at the team's Italian heritage. Red Bull changed the name of the team immediately after taking control of the team on 1 November 2005. It was initially reported as 'Squadra Toro Rosso' (team Red Bull) but then changed because squadra in Italian depicts a 'squad' like a football team, to 'Scuderia Toro Rosso'. Scuderia is Italian for a stable reserved for racing horses, and is also commonly applied to Italian motor racing teams, such as Ferrari.

cosworth customer engines (2006)

The 2006 chassis was a modified version of the 2005 Red Bull Racing RB1. Some teams felt that this infringed the Concorde Agreement as each team is expected to design their own car. Toro Rosso claim that this design was originally produced during 2004 by Jaguar Racing, Red Bull's predecessor, and that the intellectual rights had belonged to the Ford Motor Company, Jaguar Racing's parent company, with Toro Rosso inheriting the rights after Jaguar Racing was sold.

The team used Minardi's contracted supply of rev limited and air restricted 2005-spec Cosworth TJ2005-2 3.0-litre V10 engines instead of newly built Cosworth CA2006 2.4-litre V8 engines as CA2006 V8 naturally-aspirated engines were too expensive for smaller teams as well as transmission package from Red Bull Technology.

str1

2006

The Scuderia Toro Rosso STR1 (originally known as the Minardi PS06) was the car with which the Scuderia Toro Rosso team competed in the 2006 Formula One season. It was driven by Vitantonio Liuzzi, who had started four Grands Prix for the sister Red Bull Racing team in 2005, and debutant Scott Speed, the first American driver to compete in F1 since Michael Andretti in 1993.

The STR1 was the first car from the Faenza-based team to utilize Michelin tyres since the Minardi PS02 in 2002. The STR1 was also the first Toro Rosso F1 car to feature the mandatory 7-speed gearbox configuration, as well as the last Formula One car to utilize the 3.0 L V10 engine configuration (previously used between 1995 and 2005) to date, but with a 16.700 rpm rev limiter and 77mm air restrictor.

The team eventually finished ninth in the Constructors' Championship, with one point.

ferrari customer engines – first spell (2007–2013)

For the 2007 season, Toro Rosso began using the 2006-specification Ferrari 056 V8 engine rather than 2007 works spec due to cost reasons, taking over the contract that their senior team broke from by switching to customer Renault power.

The 2007 season was generally disappointing, with poor reliability and driver errors leading to a low finishing record. Following the European Grand Prix, Speed was dropped under controversial circumstances and was replaced by BMW Sauber development driver Sebastian Vettel who was later confirmed for 2008.

str2

2007-2008

The Toro Rosso STR2 is the car with which the Scuderia Toro Rosso team competed in the 2007 Formula One season. The car is, controversially, a variant of the Red Bull RB3 chassis (although powered by a Ferrari instead of a Renault engine). It was initially driven by Vitantonio Liuzzi and Scott Speed, until Speed was replaced by Sebastian Vettel at the Hungaroring for the remainder of the season. The car in a modified form was also used to compete in the first five races of the 2008 Formula One season. The modified car was driven by Sébastien Bourdais, four-consecutive-time Champ Car winner, and Vettel. The STR2 was the first-ever Toro Rosso F1 car to use the mandatory 90-degree Formula One V8 engine configuration but Toro Rosso opted for the 2006-spec Ferrari 056 instead of the 2007-spec because of the 1-year old Toro Rosso customer engine policy and as a cost-saving measure.

The STR2 was the first Faenza-based Formula One car to utilize Ferrari engine since the Minardi M191 in 1991 and the first V8-powered Faenza-based Formula One car since the Minardi M197 in 1997.

The STR2B underwent a total re-working of the front suspension. This was to make better use of the Bridgestone Potenza tyres, but also to clean up the area from the front wing to under the drivers seat, improving the efficiency of the rear diffuser, thus providing more grip.

str4

2009

The Toro Rosso STR4 was a Formula One car which Scuderia Toro Rosso used in the 2009 Formula One season. The car was revealed to be a Red Bull RB5 with a 2008-spec Ferrari 056 engine in Barcelona on March 9, 2009. It was revealed before the testing session.

The STR4 was often compared to the Red Bull RB5, but chief designer Giorgio Ascanelli always emphasized that there were significant differences. Although both cars were fundamentally designed by the same team, the Toro Rosso was powered by a Ferrari engine, while the Red Bull was equipped with a Renault engine. These engine differences resulted in the cars differing significantly in many aspects.

The Toro Rosso STR4 was the last-ever Toro Rosso car to be built by its senior sister team Red Bull Racing, as from the 2010 season onwards Toro Rosso switched to in-house designed cars.

The STR4's base colour was dark blue, thanks to its main sponsor, Red Bull. The energy drink manufacturer's logo and lettering added red accents to the car.

str6

2011

The Toro Rosso STR6 is a Formula One racing car developed by Scuderia Toro Rosso for the 2011 Formula One season. It is the second car that the team has built entirely on their own following the introduction of regulations that banned the use of "customer chassis", a chassis developed by one team and purchased by another (prior to 2010 Toro Rosso used a customer chassis from its "big brother" Red Bull Racing).

This was also the first Faenza-based Formula One car to utilize Pirelli tyres since the Minardi M190 in 1990.

The Toro Rosso STR6 was powered by the Type 056 engine from Ferrari, the same engine that powered the works Ferraris but Toro Rosso STR6 was opted 2010-spec Ferrari 056 engine due to cheap price reasons.

The team eventually finished seventh in the Constructors' Championship, with 11 points.

str8

2013

The Toro Rosso STR8 (initially referred to as the Toro Rosso STR08) is a Formula One racing car designed and built by Scuderia Toro Rosso for use in the 2013 Formula One season. It was driven by Daniel Ricciardo and Jean-Éric Vergne, both of whom drove for the team in 2012.

This was the last Toro Rosso car to use a Ferrari engine since 2007 before switching to Renault for 2014 Formula One season and the last Toro Rosso car to use a V8 engine.

The STR8 proved to be quite unreliable throughout the season, particularly in the European rounds, culminating in an embarrassing hydraulic failure at the 2013 Italian Grand Prix. However, the mid-season proved the effectiveness of the chassis: on circuits where engine power is not so vital, the cars were competitive and scored a highest finish at 6th place courtesy of Jean-Éric Vergne by a salvation.

The poor performance of the Ferrari engine caused Franz Tost to look for an alternative. Discussions for a deal with Renault came into fruition and eventually Toro Rosso would switch their allegiance to Renault engines from 2014 season onwards.

The team eventually finished a respectable eighth in the Constructors' Championship, with 33 points.

renault customer engines – first spell (2014–2015)

Toro Rosso signed a long-term agreement with Renault to use their same-spec engines as it was used by Red Bull Racing, Lotus and Caterham teams from 2014. Unlike its sister team that usually received engines free of charge due to full-works partner basis, Toro Rosso's engine supply deal with Renault was on a customer basis, paying for its engines with a lease as well as limited factory support. 

During the 2015 season, Toro Rosso enjoyed unexpected success on the grid; the break-out of Max Verstappen combined with many points finishes along with two 4th places, both by Verstappen, ensured that Toro Rosso enjoyed their most successful season in Formula One based on points. Verstappen scored 49 points while his teammate Carlos Sainz Jr managed to score 18 points.

str9

2014

The Toro Rosso STR9 is a Formula One racing car designed by Scuderia Toro Rosso to compete in the 2014 Formula One season. It was driven by Jean-Éric Vergne and 2013 GP3 Series champion Daniil Kvyat, who replaced Daniel Ricciardo after the Australian was promoted to Red Bull Racing. The STR9 was the first Toro Rosso car to use an engine built by Renault, the Energy F1-2014.

This was the first Italian-licensed F1 car to use Renault engines since the Benetton B201 in 2001 and also the first Faenza-based Formula One car to utilize turbocharged engines since the Minardi M187 in 1987.

2014 confirmed Toro Rosso's position as a respectable midfield runner unable to make the final breakthrough needed to become a top team. The team's package was quick and reliable, but not quite enough to regularly score points. The team eventually finished seventh in the Constructors' Championship with 30 points. This was their 2nd best WCC position so far, but there was still some way to go to take on the likes of Red Bull, Mercedes, Ferrari, Williams and McLaren.

ferrari customer engines – second spell (2016)

At the end of the 2015 season, after the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, it was announced that Toro Rosso would be reviving their customer partnership with Ferrari for the 2016 season, The only difference this time was that Toro Rosso would be provided with 2015 power units, as opposed to up-to-date 2016 power units used in previous seasons but without any direct factory support from Ferrari despite the partnership. Toro Rosso used Ferrari engines from 2007 through 2013 during the V8 normally-aspirated era.

str11

The Toro Rosso STR11 is a Formula One racing car designed by Scuderia Toro Rosso to compete in the 2016 Formula One season. The car was driven by Carlos Sainz, Jr. and Daniil Kvyat, who swapped seats with Max Verstappen, who drove the car in the first four Grands Prix of the season. It used customer Ferrari's 2015-specification power unit, the 060.

Prior to the 2016 season, both Toro Rosso and parent team Red Bull Racing used engines supplied by Renault. However, frustrated by the unreliability of the Renault Energy F1-engine and its lack of power Toro Rosso secured a new supply deal with Ferrari. Ferrari secured permission from the FIA to supply Toro Rosso with a 2015-specification 060 engine, but no direct factory support from Ferrari as opposed to the 061 used by Ferrari's works team and customer teams Haas and Sauber.

The car proved to be reasonably competitive, but not enough to escape from the large midfield group. The team finished seventh in the Constructors' Championship – the same position as in 2015, but with four fewer points.

renault customer engines – second spell (2017)

During the 2016 Monaco Grand Prix, it was announced that Scuderia Toro Rosso would be rekindling their customer engine partnership with Renault for 2017. The team retained Sainz and Kvyat as their drivers. Despite the Renault partnership, the team opted to utilize Toro Rosso branding on its engine and thus no factory support.

str12

2017

The Toro Rosso STR12 is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Scuderia Toro Rosso to compete during the 2017 Formula One season. The car made its competitive début at the 2017 Australian Grand Prix. It was initially driven by Daniil Kvyat and Carlos Sainz, Jr., however both drivers were replaced by Pierre Gasly and Brendon Hartley towards the end of the season, after the former was dropped from the Red Bull programme, and the latter began a 2018 contract with Renault four races early.

The radical regulation changes meant that the STR12 started on a clean sheet of paper, but it was designed and built by the same people in Faenza and Bicester who produced its predecessor, which was regarded as an excellent package. The STR12 is powered by engines supplied by Renault after the team used 2015-specification Ferrari power units throughout the 2016 season; however, the engines were rebadged and the engine and chassis package run under the name 'Toro Rosso'.

 The Italian team finished the season in 7th place in the Constructors' Standings with 53 championship points.

honda works engines (2018–2019)

On 15 September 2017, it was announced that Toro Rosso would terminate Renault's remaining contract of customer engine partnership in order to sign the full-works Honda power unit partnership contract for 2018 onwards, after Honda had severed its ties with McLaren. Thus, Toro Rosso earned direct factory support from Honda as a flagship team that included free engines for the first time in team's history. In addition, the Toro Rosso-Honda partnership also included Japanese Honda staff who would work at their Faenza base as well as official team vehicles and brand endorsements.

str13

2018

The Scuderia Toro Rosso STR13 is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Scuderia Toro Rosso to compete in the 2018 FIA Formula One World Championship. The car was driven by Pierre Gasly and Brendon Hartley, both of whom were retained by the team after contesting selected events in 2017. The STR13 made its competitive début at the 2018 Australian Grand Prix and is the first car built by Scuderia Toro Rosso to use a Honda engine after the team agreed to end its engine partnership deal with Renault to allow the French manufacturer to partner McLaren.

As of 2026, the Toro Rosso STR13 remains the last Honda-engined Formula One car which failed to score a podium over the course of a season.

At Bahrain Pierre Gasly managed a 6th place during qualifying which he was able to turn into a 4th-place result during the race. This was the highest finishing position for Honda since returning to F1 in 2015.

Unfortunately Toro Rosso finished ninth in the Constructors' Championship, scoring just 33 points throughout the whole season - the team's worst season since 2012.

str14

2019

The Scuderia Toro Rosso STR14 is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Scuderia Toro Rosso to compete in the 2019 FIA Formula One World Championship. The car made its debut at the 2019 Australian Grand Prix.

The car was initially driven by Daniil Kvyat, and F1 debutant Alexander Albon. In August 2019, in between the Hungarian and Belgian Grands Prix, it was announced that Albon would be promoted to Red Bull Racing for the remainder of the season, while Pierre Gasly would return to Toro Rosso, due to the poor performance of the Frenchman at the senior team Red Bull Racing.

The car is the second Toro Rosso car to be powered by a Honda engine, and is the first Toro Rosso car to score a podium finish since the Toro Rosso STR3 of 2008, with two podium finishes, scored by Daniil Kvyat in Germany, and Pierre Gasly in Brazil. The STR14 ended the 2019 season in 6th place in the constructor standings with 85 points, achieving their highest championship position since finishing 6th in 2008, and while also scoring the highest number of points in a single season in the team's history.

Owing to the team's rebranding to Scuderia AlphaTauri after the 2019 season, the STR14 was the last car produced by the Faenza-based team to bear the Toro Rosso name.

For the 2020 season, Toro Rosso officially rebranded into the Scuderia AlphaTauri team, to promote parent company RedBull's fashion label, AlphaTauri.