volvo / scale 1/43 | thebiggarage

Volvo – which means "I roll" in Latin, from the infinitive form "volvere." It was originally a name for a ball bearing being developed by SKF.

The Volvo Group is a Swedish multinational manufacturing corporation headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems and financial services. In 2016, it was the world's second-largest manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks with its subsidiary Volvo Trucks.

Headquarters Gothenburg, Sweden

pv210 duett van 1953-1969

The Duett is an automobile from Volvo that was in production from 1953 to 1969.

The name Duett was intended to signify a car that could be used as a delivery vehicle during the week and as a comfortable sedan away from work.

The Duett was produced in three body styles: an estate car (or station wagon), a panel van, and, in small numbers, a bare chassis with no body from the windshield rearward. The design is based on the Volvo PV sedan and shares its engine and front suspension with that model. However, unlike the PV, which had a unibody design, the Duett used a ladder frame with leaf springs supporting the rear.

The Duett was replaced by the Volvo 145 Express, a more modern design by Jan Wilsgaard which is an evolutionary advancement from his earlier work on the platform of the Volvo Amazon and it is unrelated to the Duett in terms of its engineering.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTWPQHqPScM

120 series 1956-1970

The Volvo Amazon was a mid-sized car manufactured from 1956 to 1970.

The Amazon shared the wheelbase with the PV444/544, and was offered in two-door sedan, four-door sedan, and five-door wagon body styles. In 1959 Volvo became the world's first manufacturer to provide front seat belts as standard equipment and later becoming the first car featuring three-point seat belts as standard equipment.

When introduced, the car was named the Amason (with an 's'), deriving from the fierce female warriors of Greek mythology, the Amazons. German motorcycle manufacturer Kreidler had already registered the name, and the two companies agreed that Volvo could only use the name domestically. Subsequently, Volvo began its tri-digit nomenclature and the line became known as the 120 Series.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbbR9xnRZR8

p1800

The Volvo P1800 is a 2+2, front-engine, rear-drive sports car manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars between 1961 and 1973. Originally a coupé (1961–1972), it was also offered in a shooting-brake configuration toward the end of its production (1972–1973). Styling was by Pelle Petterson under the tutelage of Pietro Frua when Frua's studio was a subsidiary of the Italian carrozzeria Ghia, and the mechanicals were derived from Volvo's Amazon/122 series.

set of 1800e and 1800es https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glAdMeJ7c-o

p 1800 e 1961-1973

Marketed as a touring car rather than a sports car, the P1800 became widely known when driven by British actor Roger Moore in the television series The Saint, which aired from 1962 to 1969.

In 1998, an 1800S owned by Irv Gordon (1940–2018) was certified as the highest mileage private vehicle driven by the original owner in non-commercial service—having exceeded over 5.23 million km as of his death in 2018.

The project was originally started in 1957 because Volvo wanted a sports car to compete in the US & European markets, despite the fact that their previous attempt, the P1900, had failed to take off with only 68 cars sold.

The engine was the B18 (B for the Swedish word for gasoline: Bensin; 18 for 1800 cc displacement) with dual SU carburettors, producing 100 hp. In 1963 the engine was improved with an additional 8 hp. In 1966 the four-cylinder engine was updated to 115 bhp. Top speed was 175 km/h.

For the last model year, 1973, only the 1800ES wagon was produced. Total production of the 1800 line from 1961 through 1973 was 47,492 units. Production ended on 27 June 1973, although Volvo was in negotiations with Coggiola concerning a possible P1800ESC.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGKYxN5zGGs

p 1800 es 1972-1974

Volvo introduced its final P1800 variant, the 1800ES, in 1972 as a two-door station wagon with a frameless, all-glass tailgate. The final design was chosen after two prototypes had been built by Sergio Coggiola and Pietro Frua. Frua's prototype, Raketen ("the Rocket"), is in the Volvo Museum. Both Italian prototypes were considered too futuristic, and instead in-house designer Jan Wilsgaard's proposal, the Beach Car, was accepted. The ES engine was downgraded to 125 bhp by reducing the compression ratio with a thicker head gasket (engine variant B20F); although maximum power was slightly down the engine was less "peaky" and the car's on-the-road performance was actually improved.

The ES's rear backrest folded down to create a long flat loading area. As an alternative to the usual four-speed plus overdrive manual transmission, a Borg-Warner three-speed automatic was available in the 1800ES.

Only 8,077 examples of the ES were built in its two model years.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvChbKItbH0

200 series

The Volvo 200 Series (or 240 and 260 Series) is a range of mid-size cars produced by Swedish company Volvo Cars from 1974 to 1993, with more than 2.8 million total units sold worldwide. Like the Volvo 140 Series (1966 to 1974), from which it was developed, it was designed by Jan Wilsgaard.

The series overlapped production of the Volvo 700 Series (1982 to 1992).

244 dl 1974-1993

In August 1974, Volvo presented a new generation of cars called the 240 and 260 Series.

These new models had been developed from the 140 series and were very similar to their predecessors. The changes included a new front, large bumpers and a developed chassis, featuring a front-wheel suspension system of the McPherson type.

In connection with the introduction of the 240 family, a new 4-cylinder engine family with an overhead camshaft began to be used. The previous 4-cylinder was still used for a time.

For a short period, the Volvo 244 could also be specified with a V6 engine. A popular alternative on some markets made its appearance in 1978 - the market's first 6-cylinder diesel in a passenger car.

The new 240/260 car family had been developed with rigorous safety requirements. They were, in fact, so rigorous that the car was used as the standard car for safety developments by the authorities in the USA.

Volvo's 240 model almost became a classic in its own lifetime as it was produced for nearly 20 years. On two occasions, the car was given a facelift, for the 1981 and 1986 model years. In all, more than 2.8 million cars in the 240/260 series were built.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLiRnuBNnS4

set of 240 sedan and station https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpBFM9ojJBY

240 gl 1979-1993

1979 brought a full facelift front and rear. The GLE was added while the L was cancelled, and the six-cylinder diesel arrived late in the year. For 1980, the sporty GLT arrived, replacing the GT. For 1981 there was yet another new grill, while the station wagens received new, wraparound taillights. The B21A gained some four horsepower, now 106 PS, while the carburetted B23A with 112 PS was introduced in some markets. The Turbo arrived, while six-cylinder models now had a mre powerful 2.8-liter engine.

Incremental improvements were made almost every year of the production run.

2.862053 cars have been produced.

The last 200 produced was a blue station wagon built to the Italian specification and named the "Polar Italia", currently displayed at the Volvo World Museum.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvkR3RDrdFw

240 gl break 1979-1993

About one-third of all 240s sold were station wagons, which featured very large cargo space of 41 cubic feet (1.2 m³). They could be outfitted with a rear-facing foldable jumpseat in the passenger area, making the wagon a seven-passenger vehicle. The jumpseat came with three-point seat belts, and wagons were designed to have a reinforced floor section, protecting the occupants of the jumpseat in the event of a rear-end collision. Both the 200 series and the 700 series became a status symbol worldwide.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFKOW35N33A

262 c coupe bertone 1977-1981

The Volvo 262C is the first luxury coupé made by Volvo. Based on the Volvo 200 Series, the 262C was built by Bertone in Turin for the 1977-1981 model years.

The roof of the 262C is about 10 cm lower than that of the 260 sedan. The 262C used the PRV engine, a V6 engine developed jointly by Peugeot, Renault, and Volvo. The engine used a Lambda-sond oxygen sensor system; this was the first use of this system on a production V engine.

In 1980, the engine bore was increased, displacing 2,849 cc and 130 bhp.

Aimed mainly at the United States market, the 262C was Volvo's first entry into the luxury car market. About half of the annual production was earmarked for the United States. It competed against the Cadillac Eldorado and the Mercedes-Benz 280CE. A total of 6622 cars were produced from 1978 until 1980. Available in one color combination the silver with black vinyl covered roof coupe "evades the classic ideals of beauty, regardless of the stylistic authorship."

In 1981, for the last year of production, the vinyl roof cover was deleted.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7iR9bi1edQM

300 series 1976-1991

The Volvo 300 Series is a rear-wheel-drive small family car sold from 1976 through 1991, both as a hatchback and (from 1984) as a conventional notchback saloon.

It was launched in the Netherlands shortly after Volvo acquired a major stake in the passenger car division of DAF in 1973. The series consisted of the Volvo 340 (previously 343/345) and the later Volvo 360.

The more powerful 360 arrived in 1983 with two 2.0 L engine choices, Volvo's 95 PS B19A (360 GLS) and the fuel injected 115 PS B19E. The B19A was also available in the 340 DL. The more powerful 360 GLT was only available with a five-speed manual

The 300 Series had a choice of three petrol engines; a 1.4, 1.7, and a 2.0 L. The 1.4 L B14 was a 72 PS Renault C-series OHV pushrod unit, and for the 360 there was the B200 (originally the earlier B19 version) 2.0 L engine taken from the Volvo 240 with outputs varying from 95 bhp (71 kW) to 118 PS (87 kW; 116 hp).

A new Renault F-series 82 PS 1.7 L petrol engine (designated the B172) was introduced in the 340 during the summer of 1985, following the range facelift, along with a 340 version of the saloon, which was only available with the new engine. There was also a catalyzed version (B172K) available later on, with 75 PS.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUUERUYJ1Ws

700 series

The Volvo 700 series is a range of executive cars produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1982 to 1992. The 700 series was introduced in 1982 with the luxurious 760, followed two years later by the lower priced 740 which capitalized on the prestige attained by the very similar 760.

740 1984-1992

The first reactions weren’t really good: the European press thought the 760 was ugly and too boxy (the American press said it was a European car with a typical USA-design). But there was good news: the 760 was well built (thanks to Volvo’s testdrives including brake testing in the Alps, winter trials in the Northern part of Sweden and summer testing in the Australian Outback) and really cheap compared with Mercedes and other German brands and the equipment level was very good.

The 700 series was then gradually replaced, beginning in 1990, by the 900 series. The 700, designed by Jan Wilsgaard, was originally to have been a replacement for the 200 series, but production of that model continued until the early nineties. The expensive 780, a Bertone-designed coupé version, entered production in 1986 and departed without a direct successor only four years later.

The most visible differences between the 700 and the 900 series were the more rounded corners on the body of the latter, and a somewhat better-appointed interior. The 700 series came to an end in late 1992 when the last 740s were built (although they were considered to be of model year 1993). The range had been augmented and finally supplanted by the Volvo 900 in 1993, with the last of the 900s being sold in 1998.

The '4' in the middle of the Volvo model name had once signified a four-cylinder engine, but by the time of the introduction of the 740 it simply meant less luxurious equipment as four- and six-cylinder engines were fitted across both ranges. The 740 was available as a four-door sedan (sometimes referred to as the 744) and a five-door station wagon (also known as the 745).

The Volvo 740 was a popular choice as a police car in several parts of Europe, especially so with the police in Scandinavian countries.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIq_xPnXyS4

780 coupe bertone 1986-1990

The Volvo 780 coupé debuted in Geneva, Switzerland in 1985, marking Volvo's return to the two-door coupé market following the departure of the 262C in 1981. The 780 became available in Europe in 1986.

Like its predecessor, the 780 was designed and built by Carrozzeria Bertone in Turin, Italy. The hood, trunk, and roof lines were all slightly lower than the standard 700 series profile, and the C-pillar was wider and had a more gradual slope down to the trunk. Headroom was improved over the 262C since Bertone only lowered the roofline by a single centimeter this time.

In the first two years that the 780 was available worldwide (1986 and 1987) it received the B280F V6 engine. In the Italian market, originally only the Volkswagen built D24TIC was to be offered, with 129 PS, but soon the V6 also became available and a 155 PS 2.0-litre turbo Italian tax special was also added later in 1986.

Volvo's official production total for the 780 is 8,518 cars built between 1986 and 1991. From 1986 to 1995, Volvo did offer a small, sporty coupé, the front-wheel drive Volvo 480, but a successor to the 780 would only be introduced in 1997 when the C70 became available.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow1f6-lpQ9Q

480 es 1986-1995

The Volvo 480 is a sporty compact car that was produced in Born, Netherlands, by Volvo from 1986 to 1995. It was the first front-wheel drive car made by Volvo and the only Volvo featuring pop-up headlights. The 480 was available in only one body style on an automobile platform related to the Volvo 440/460 five-door hatchback and four-door saloon models.

It features an unusual four-seat, three-door hatchback body, somewhere between liftback and estate in form. The 480 was marketed as a coupé in Europe starting in 1986. The car was originally intended to be marketed in the United States as a 2+2 "sports wagon" in the fall 1987, although these plans were cancelled due to the continued weakness of the U.S. dollar during 1987.

Designed by Volvo's Dutch subsidiary, the "sporty 480 ES coupe" was introduced to change the automaker's "frumpy image" and into the "yuppie" market segment.

In 1988, a turbo version was introduced, the Garrett AiResearch turbocharger increasing the power from 109 PS to 120 PS. Maximum torque was 175 N⋅m compared to the 140 N⋅m for the naturally aspirated 1.7 L engine.

A convertible was announced to the press in the summer of 1987, but not seen in public until the 1990 Geneva Motor Show. It was planned to be launched at the beginning of 1991, but it did not make production after a supplier declared bankruptcy, and concerns over rollover safety protection. Several convertible prototypes survive.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bq926-j9Ws

960 1990-1998

The Volvo 900 Series is a range of executive cars produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1990 to 1998. The 900 Series was introduced in 1990 to replace the 700 Series from which it derived. Prior to the end of its production, the 960 was renamed as the Volvo S90 (saloon) and Volvo V90 (estate), and the 940 was renamed 940 Classic, becoming the last rear-wheel-drive cars from Volvo.

Visible differences between the 700 and the 900 Series included redesigned rear styling of the saloon models (late 700 estates and early 900 estates are visually identical). The 960 was introduced in 1991 along with a new family of modular engines, and then was substantially revised for the 1995 model year, improving the handling. The range was augmented by the new Volvo 850 in 1991. The last of the 900s was sold in 1998.

The 1991 960 was an evolutionary progression of the 1990 760, but it was also one of the first cars to feature the work of British designer Peter Horbury.

The most significant change was that, in most markets, the 960 was offered with an all-new aluminium 24-valve DOHC inline six-cylinder engine, often referred to as "white block" in the Volvo community due to its bare aluminium block. Maximum power was 204 PS.

In 1994 (for the 1995 model year) the 960 received a facelift, including changes to the grille and body-coloured panels. A smaller 2.5 version of the six-cylinder was also added to the lineup, with 170 or 163 PS for the B6244FS version.

Production of the 960 and its S90 and V90 derivatives ended on 5 February 1998.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MeICMlGg4G8

850 series

The Volvo 850 is a compact executive car that was produced from 1991 to 1996. Designed by Jan Wilsgaard, the car was introduced in a saloon body style; an estate style was introduced in 1993. Initially, only the saloon was available, badged as 850 GLT, and came with a choice of 2.5L or 2.0L 20V 5 cylinder engines. For 1995, the special limited edition 850 T-5R was offered, and was a commercial success.

set of 850 sedan and station https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUAQ1eCyVc8

850 1991-1996 & 850 break 1993-1996

The 850 was launched with the slogan "A dynamic car with four unique innovations" which referred to the newly developed five cylinder transverse engine, the Delta-link rear axle, the Side Impact Protection System (SIPS), and the self-adjusting seatbelt reel for the front seats. Initially, only the saloon was available, badged as 850 GLT, and came with a choice of 2.5L or 2.0L 20V engines.

Beginning in 1994, a facelift for all subsequent 850 models was introduced; this facelift subtly altered the visual appearance of the car, featuring new front and rear bumpers, new headlights and indicators on the outside, and a new switchgear on the inside.

The estate version of the 850 went on sale in February 1993 for all markets.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoP567NSnM0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPITfjK5VHQ

850 estate t5 r 1994-1996

The first vehicle in the Volvo R marque lineup, the Volvo 850 R, was introduced in 1995, followed by the Volvo S70 R and Volvo V70 R in 1998.

For 1995, the special limited edition 850 T-5R was offered, and was a commercial success, leading Volvo to produce a second run in 1996. The T-5R was renowned as a sleeper car; despite its boxy, understated appearance, it boasted a drag coefficient of 0.29 and was capable of accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h in 6.8 - 7.0 seconds.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxtTYX2bykU

series 40

The Volvo S40, V40 and V50 are compact executive cars produced by Volvo Cars. There have been two generations, the first launched in 1995 and the second one in 2004. The latter is listed by Forbes as one of the best luxury cars for young affluent drivers.

s40 1995-2004

The Volvo S40 is a series of compact and mid-size automobiles marketed and produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1995 to 2012, offered as a more mainstream alternative to the Volvo S60 to compete in a lower pricing bracket. The S40 was more or less positioned against premium-leaning small family cars like the Volkswagen Jetta as well as some mass-market large family cars.

The first generation (1995–2004) was introduced in 1995 with the S40 (S from saloon) and V40 (V from versatility, estate) cars. These cars were manufactured at the Nedcar factory at Born in the Netherlands (a pre Ford joint venture between Volvo and Mitsubishi Motors) and based on a common platform with the Mitsubishi Carisma.

The 40 Series cars were equipped with four-cylinder engines, such as a 1.9 turbo diesel or 1.6, 1.8, 2.0T, 1.9 T4 or 2.0 fuel injected gasoline engines all of which are derivatives of the Volvo Modular engine series that started life in the Volvo 960 and carried in both 5 and 6 cyl formats in Volvo's bigger FWD cars.

The Volvo S40 was the first car to earn a four star Euro-NCAP safety rating.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vaxmck9L8qE

v40 1995-2004

The Volvo V40 was mechanically identical to the S40 model, but was (in traditional Volvo style) been further developed into a compact estate car, offering the same comfort, safety and performance levels as the S40, but with the added flexibility obtained through an estate car body.

Like the S40, the V40 was available in a large number of versions, adapted to the individual requirements of the customer who enjoys Volvo characteristics in a compact car.

The V40, with a drag coefficient of 0.32, was the first whole model to be introduced under the direction of the British designer Peter Horbury, Volvo’s design director, and was marketed in Australia, South America and the Far East. The V40 was named the ‘Most Beautiful Estate Car in the World’ at an Italian award ceremony. The official premiere was at the Frankfurt Motor Show, in September 1995, with the V40 premièring in December 1995, at the Bologna Motor Show.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atPCTNyK0Qk

v40 2012-2019

The V40 was designed by American Chris Benjamin, the interior is the work of Pontus Fontaeus, and was the last Volvo to be designed under Steve Mattin, before he departed the company. It is built on the Global C platform with modifications to the electric power steering, and revised spring and damper settings.

The engine lineup at launch are: two petrol engines; a 1.6 litre EcoBoost I4 producing either 150 or 180 hp, dependent on specification, and a 2.5 litre Volvo B525 I5 producing 254 hp, and two diesel engines; a 1.6 litre PSA Peugeot Citroën / Ford Duratorq engine, which produces 115 hp, whilst only emitting 94 g/km of CO₂, and a 2.0 litre I5 Volvo diesel engine available in two versions, 150 hp and 177 hp.

In some countries, the V40 T5 uses a 2.0 litre I5 (B5204T9) producing 213 hp @ 6000 rpm and 300 nm from 2700 to 5000 rpm.

A facelifted V40 made an appearance in 2016. This new version of the V40 includes the Thor's hammer headlights on all variants of V40, as featured on the XC90 II, S90 II and V90 II. Also added the option opened for straw patterns on the interior seats.

Volvo V40 Gen 2 (youtube.com)

c 70

The Volvo C70 is a two-door, four-passenger sport compact manufactured from 1996 to 2013 across two generations.

The first generation (1996–2005) was available as both a coupé (1996–2002) and softtop convertible (1997–2005). The second generation (2006–2013) was available as a retractable hardtop convertible.

The C70 broke Volvo's decades-long styling tradition of boxy, rectilinear designs and was Volvo's first luxury coupe since the 780.

set of c70 coupe and convertible https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQtcw3cPhVw

coupé 1996-2002

The Volvo C70 is a two-door, four-passenger sport compact manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars from 1996 to 2013 across two generations.

The first generation (1996–2005) was available as both a coupé (1996–2002) and softtop convertible (1997–2005).

The C70 broke Volvo's decades-long styling tradition of boxy, rectilinear designs and was Volvo's first luxury coupe since the 780. According to Peter Horbury, Volvo's design chief from 1991 to 2002, with the C70, Volvo threw away the box, but "kept the toy inside!"

In a development program of 30 months and working with a Volvo 850-derived platform, Britain’s TWR (Tom Walkinshaw Racing) co-designed the car's basic design and suspension tuning with Volvo. Manufacture of the C70 was a joint venture until the two companies experienced disputes that threatened to interrupt production; TWR did not contribute to the second generation C70.

Of the 72.000 first generation C70s produced worldwide, 26.036 were Coupés and 46.786 were Convertibles. Volvo Cars of North America reported that 24.948 Convertibles were sold in the US, plus 6465 Coupés. Of those US-market Coupés, 603 had the 2.3 Liter engine with high pressure turbo (T5) and the M56 5-speed manual transmission. It's believed only 135 of the C70 T5M coupés painted "Saffron" made it to the US market.

Volvo C70 Coupe (youtube.com)

cabriolet 1997-2005

Volvo's first modern convertible, the C70 was manufactured in Uddevalla, Sweden on a separate assembly line from the 70-series sedan and station wagon. The four-seater convertible featured an electrically heated glass rear window, automatic (pop-up) rollover hoops system ROPS, seat belt pre-tensioners, boron steel reinforced A-pillars, front and side airbags, and a safety cage — a horseshoe-like structure around the passenger compartment.

The cloth convertible top, initially available in four colors, was fully automatic, operated by a single, dashboard-mounted button. The top stored automatically under an integral rigid tonneau cover in a system pioneered in modern convertibles with the fourth generation Mercedes SL.

The C70 convertible exhibited two negative traits endemic to convertibles: poor rear visibility and pronounced scuttle shake, a characteristic whereby the structural design of the bulkhead between engine and passenger compartment of a convertible suffers sufficiently poor rigidity to negatively impact ride and handling, allowing noticeable vibration, shudder or chassis-flexing into the passenger compartment.

Volvo C70 Convertible (youtube.com)

s80 saloon 1998-2006

The Volvo S80 is an executive car produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1998 to 2016 across two generations. It took the place of the rear-wheel-drive S90 as Volvo's flagship sedan. Unlike most Volvo models, it did not have a station wagon version for its first generation.

Over 368.000 first-generation S80s were built. This S80 was equipped with numerous safety systems, including Side Impact Protection System (SIPS) and Whiplash Protection System WHIPS. In 2000, there was the addition of the 203 PS 2.5T, available with standard all-wheel drive. The 2.5T model featured a light-pressure turbocharger.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxY8V-Cei4s

v70

The Volvo V70 is an executive car manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars from 1996 to 2016 across three generations. The name V70 combines the letter V, standing for versatility, and 70, denoting relative platform size (i.e., a V70 is larger than a V40, but smaller than a V90).

v70 xc second generation 2000-2003

The first generation (1996–2000) debuted in November 1996. It was based on the P80 platform and was available with front and all-wheel drive (AWD), the latter marketed as the V70 AWD. In September 1997 a crossover version called the V70 XC or V70 Cross Country was introduced.

Volvo released the second generation V70 to most markets in early 2000, and for the 2001 model year in North America. Based on the Volvo P2 platform, the second generation shared major mechanical and styling commonality with the Volvo S60 saloon, offered frontal area of 2.23 m² and a coefficient of drag of .30. The new generation featured adhesively bonded construction as opposed to spot welding in key areas, with Volvo claiming the new body to be 70 per cent more rigid than its predecessor. Critical aspects of the design for the second generation were completed before Ford acquired Volvo in 1999.

The second generation V70 was styled by British designer Peter Horbury, who said "the design challenge involved marrying sports car style at the front with the necessary limitations of a wagon back." More specifically, he described the concept as the "front end of a Jaguar E-Type married to the back end of a Ford Transit van."

At its introduction, the second generation V70 XC received a major upgrade. It featured better ground clearance of 210 mm thanks to a raised suspension, different bodywork with unpainted bumpers and fender extensions, and AWD as standard. An interior grab handle for the front passenger was installed only on this model. Early V70 XC featured special rear view mirrors, a feature that was discontinued after 2003.

Engine and gearbox choices were limited. Only the petrol 2.4L low pressure turbo, or the D5 diesel engine with either a 5-speed manual or 5-speed automatic transmission were available. No diesel version was offered for the North American market.

For 2003, the model was renamed the XC70, in keeping with Volvo's newly introduced XC90. Petrol 2.5L low pressure turbo engine replaced the 2.4L low pressure engine.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28ljnssDPoc

v70 third generation 2008-2016

On 2 February 2007, Volvo debuted the third generation for the 2008 model year. Based on the Volvo P3 platform it shared numerous elements as well as general styling with the second generation Volvo S80. Compared with its predecessor, rear-seat legroom was increased by 2 centimetres and a revised tailgate design increased the load area volume by 55 L. The V70 was offered for the first time with four- and six-cylinder engines. The high-performance V70R AWD models were discontinued with this third generation, only a mostly cosmetic R-Design package was made available.

After the 2011 model year, Volvo discontinued sales of the V70 in North America, instead marketing the FWD variant of the XC70.

Third generation V70s are available with the BLIS blind-spot sensor system, which can detect a vehicle otherwise hidden from a driver's view because of its position just off to one side of the car.

Volvo V70 Gen.3 (youtube.com)

xc90

The Volvo XC90 is a mid-size luxury SUV manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars since 2002 and now in its second generation.

The first generation was introduced at the 2002. The second generation XC90 was introduced in 2014. In late 2022, the electric-only EX90 was introduced as the successor of the XC90.

generation1 2002-2014

The XC90 was presented with a choice of two trim levels, the 2.5 T and the T6. The 2.5 T was the entry level version and offered a 2.5-litre "T5" turbocharged inline-five engine, producing 208 hp and was mated to an automatic. The T6 offered a 2.9-litre twin-turbocharged inline-six with 268 hp and was mated to a GM-sourced, Volvo-modified four-speed automatic. While the 2.5T came standard with front-wheel drive, a Haldex Traction all-wheel drive (AWD) system was optional. The T6 was offered only with the AWD system.

A Yamaha V8 engine was added in 2005. This 4.4-litre Volvo B8444S engine produced 288 hp for the first few models later upgraded to 311 hp. Volvo sold just over 40,000 XC90 units in North America that year.

The first generation Volvo XC90 was sold in China as the XC Classic. It was produced at the Volvo factory located in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, with necessary tooling shipped from Sweden.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7E4QmECfJk

generation2 2015-2022

The new XC90 is based on Volvo's new platform, marketed as Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) technology which features a stronger platform offering weight reduction while improving safety and efficiency.

The vehicle is longer, wider and lower than its predecessor. All engines in the XC90 are 2.0-litre four-cylinder Drive-E powertrains with Volvo's eight-speed Geartronic transmission. The line-up include two petrol engines: a twincharged 320 hp T6 and a turbocharged 254 hp T5, two diesel engines: a twin turbo 235 hp D5 and a turbocharged 190 hp D4. The top-of-the-line model is the XC90 T8 Twin Engine, a plug-in hybrid which combines the more powerful petrol engine at the front with an electric motor at the rear to produce 400 hp.

The First Edition of the all-new Volvo XC90, was 1,927 individually numbered cars only available for sale via digital commerce, and sold out in 47 hours after orders opened on 3 September 2014.

In May 2019, for the 2020 model year, the Volvo XC90 received a mid-cycle facelift. The facelift included revised front and rear fascias, a new front grille design, and the previous Excellence trim was discontinued. For the 2021 model year, the "T8" powertrain was renamed the "XC90 Recharge".

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reSh_dm8Zow

series 60

The Volvo S60 is a compact executive car manufactured and marketed by Volvo since 2000.

The first generation (2000–2009) was launched in autumn of 2000 in order to replace the S70 and was based on the P2 platform. It had a similar designed estate version called Volvo V70 and a high performance engine and sports-oriented suspension version called S60 R. Styling cues were taken from the ECC concept car and the S80.

s60r 2004-2009

The Volvo S60 is a compact executive car manufactured and marketed by Volvo since 2000 and began in its third generation in the 2019 model year.

The S60 is aimed to mainly compete with the BMW 3 Series (E46) and the Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W203). Unlike its rivals, the Volvo S60 continued production for 9 years with multiple facelifts.

First introduced in 2004, Volvo's S60 R used a Haldex computer controlled all-wheel-drive system mated to a 300 PS inline-5 which sends 95 percent of the torque to the front wheels under normal driving conditions and can send up to 70 percent to the rear wheels as necessary. The 2004–2005 models came with a 6-speed manual transmission, or an available 5-speed automatic which allowed only 350 N⋅m torque in 1st and 2nd gears. The 2006–2007 models came with a 6-speed manual or 6-speed automatic transmission (which was no longer torque-restricted).

A Volvo factory option for only the S60 R was a body kit which included front bumper splitters, side skirts and a rear valance, color matched to the body. The body kit was only available with certain body colors and in certain markets.

The S60 R continued the tradition of "R" cars for Volvo beginning in 1995 with the introduction of the 850 T-5 R.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gfy8Jt3xxTU

s60 second generation 2011-2018

The second generation S60 began production in Ghent, Belgium on May 17, 2010, with an expected annual production of 90.000 vehicles.

Official photos were released in November 2009, and the car was publicly unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2010. It debuted as a 2011 model in North America. The second generation S60 also arrived with the 5th generation Haldex AWD system. More differences in the second generation S60 include the new large Volvo iron symbol, parallel to the grille LED day running lamps and larger spaced letters in the brand name on rear.

The engine range of the S60 and V60 comprises four petrol engines and three diesels. The engines available are the T3, T4, T5 and T6 petrol engines and D3, D5 and 1.6D DRIVe diesel engines, the latter of which has Stop Start Technology to increase the efficiency of the engine. The 2.4-litre D5 plug-in hybrid version, fitted with a five-cylinder diesel engine and a 50 kW electric motor, was scheduled for sale in Europe by November 2012.

The Volvo S60 and V60 come with Volvo's City Safety system as standard, which is the same system fitted to its sister the XC60. This system stops the car in the event of impending collision in 'City Traffic' below 31 km/h.

Also, a new safety feature named "Pedestrian Detection" (available on both the V60 and S60) detects people in front of the car and automatically applies the brakes if the driver does not react in time. The new sedan shows off Volvo's completely new design language already seen in the Volvo XC60 concept. It rides on the same platform as the XC60. The goal of this new design was to target younger demographics.

Volvo S60 Gen.2 (youtube.com)

concept coupe 2013

The Volvo Concept Coupe is a concept car which was first revealed at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2013.

The front wheels are driven by a four cylinder two litre petrol engine, from Volvo’s new engine family Volvo Engine Architecture (VEA), fed by both turbocharger and supercharger. The rear wheels are driven by an electric motor, making this car a plug in hybrid. Together the engines have a peak power of 400 PS.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7q9tLetN0k

xc coupe 2014

The Volvo Concept XC Coupé was one concept car, which was first revealed at the January 2014 North American International Auto Show. The Volvo Concept XC Coupé was the second of three planned concept cars, designed by the head of design of Volvo, Thomas Ingenlath, which intended to point the way for the future design direction, by Volvo.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGyQPIUWWY8

concept estate 2014

The basic design was shared with the preceding Volvo Concept Coupe and Volvo Concept XC Coupe, while the Concept Estate is a shooting brake, like the 1800 ES of the 1970s. The Concept Estate is based on the new platform by Volvo, the Scalable Product Architecture (SPA), which would provide the technical foundation for all future models of Volvo, which started with the second generation XC90 in May 2014.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yF2_6qQ6G9A

series 90

The Volvo V90 is a mid-size luxury wagon manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Two months after the introduction of the sedan model, the V90 was revealed in March 2016. Its sedan variant is called the Volvo S90.

The V90 is only available with 2.0-litre, 4 cylinder petrol and diesel engines. The more powerful petrol engines are compound charged, as is the plug-in hybrid variant called the T8.

set of 90-series sedan and station https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dv21RleWVQk

s90 2016-present

The S90's design was well received, winning the Production Car Design of the Year award for 2015.

The S90 badge was first seen on run-out versions of the old 900 series model in 1997 but this modern-era model was created as part of an $11 billion investment in new models by Volvo's Chinese owners Geely Holdings - which raised expectations from the start. Nothing but the brand name was carried over from the previous S80, but much was shared with the second generation XC90 luxury SUV that was launched in 2015 to great acclaim.

While not a direct successor to the second-generation S80, the S90 replaces it as the flagship sedan in Volvo's lineup. Several trim levels are available, ranging from Momentum to Inscription. In July 2016, an optional, cosmetic R-Design package was announced.

The S90 is only available with 2.0-litre, four-cylinder petrol and diesel engines from the VEA family (Drive-E). The more powerful petrol engines are compound charged, as is the plug-in hybrid variant called the T8. The D5 diesel engine features Volvo's new PowerPulse technology that is designed to eliminate turbo lag, as well as an i Art injection system.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y39LFsmX0y4

v90 2016-present

The Volvo V90 is a mid-size luxury wagon manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Two months after the introduction of the sedan model, the V90 was revealed at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2016. Its sedan variant is called the Volvo S90.

The V90 is offered with various trim levels. In the United States the V90 was only available by special order, with dealers focusing on the V90 Cross Country.

The V90 is only available with 2.0-litre, 4 cylinder petrol and diesel engines from the VEA family (Drive-E). The more powerful petrol engines are compound charged, as is the plug-in hybrid variant called the T8. The D5 diesel engine features Volvo's new PowerPulse technology that is designed to eliminate turbo lag as well as an i-Art injection system.

In February 2020, the official photos of a refreshed V90 were leaked along with the refreshed S90. The Taillights had a sequential LED & Inscription variants get chrome garnish on front bumper.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kmxFXopMPY

v90 cross country 2016-present

The Volvo V90 Cross Country is a large premium all-road estate with five seats. This model is based on the Scalable Product Architecture (SPA), Volvo's advanced modular platform that underpins all new model versions in the 90 and 60 series.

The arrival of the first Cross Country model, more than 20 years ago, made Volvo synonymous with the segment of rugged-looking all-weatherers. The V90 Cross Country transforms the elegance of the V90 into an all-road estate that offers safety, ease of use, comfort and performance in a capable and adventurous package.

Some design elements emphasise the Cross Country character. The suspension raised by 60 millimetres and optimised for comfort and the control in all weather and road conditions further contribute to this car's special position in the Volvo range.

V90 Cross Country is powered by Volvo's 48-volt mild hybrid engines, mated to an eight-speed automatic transmission. The maximum power ranges from 250 to 300 hp. All-wheel drive is standard on all Cross Country versions.

Volvo V90 Cross Country (youtube.com)